Ku i tariki 22 kamena 2021, Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana yamurikiye inteko ishinga amategeko umushinga w’ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2021-2022. Izaba ingana na miliyari 3807 y’amanyarwanda, ari ukuvuga ko hiyongereyeho miliyari 342 kuyakoreshejwe mu mwaka 202-2021. Ni ingengo y’imari izibanda ku bikorwa byo kuzahura ubukungu, bwamanutse ku kigero cya 3.5% mu mwaka ushize, ariko bukaba bwitezweho kuzazamuka ku kigero cya 5.1% muri uyu mwaka, ndetse na 7% mu 2022 mu gihe byitezwe ko buzazamukaho 7.8% mu 2023 na 2024. Nkuko tubikesha ikinyamakuru igihe.com
Gusa nkuko Rwandese Platform Democracy yabikomojeho Minecofin “ntigaragaza uko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzazamuka hatabayeho kwanda andi madeni”. Kimwe mu kibazo ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bufite ni umwenda wazamutse cyane kandi igihe cyo kwishyura inyungu kikaba cyarageze. Hari igihe u Rwanda ruguza amafaranga yo kwishura amadeni. Iyi nkuru iribanda uko ubukungu mu Rwanda burindimuka.
Kuba Singapore ya Africa, Vision 2020 yabapfana hagashyirwaho Vision 2050 ibyo ni ibinyoma FPR yakomeje kubeshya abaturage ngo ni Iterambere rirambye kandi barushaho gusubira inyuma ubutitsa, ahubwo hagatera imbere agatsiko k’abantu bamwe, ibibazo byinshi bikomeje kwibazwa.
Usanga amafaranga atagira ingano yakwa nk’inguzanyo mu bihugu by’amahanga cyangwa zikakwa imbere mu gihugu binyuze mu mpapuro mpeshamwenda (bonds), adasobanukiwe uburyo akoreshwa, ukibaza uzishyura iyi myenda bikakuyobera.
Amwe mu mafaranga igihugu kibona aho gukoreshwa mu mishinga izamura abaturage, ahubwo ka gatsiko gahita kayimurira mu mabanki yo mu bihugu byabashije kwiyubaka mu mutekano w’amafaranga (paradis fiscal). Ayo mafaranga iyo agezeyo ashyirwa ku ma konti y’abantu bitwa “Abashumba”, maze bagakomeza kujya batanga raporo z’uko yiyongera, bitaba ku kigero bene agatsiko bifuza bakongera umubare w’abo biba.
Aha ni ho uzasanga hazamuwe imisoro ku mazu abantu batuyemo, nta kindi yinjiza, unaniwe kuyatanga agaterezwa cyamunara. Baba bashobora kandi kongera imisoro ikaba umurengera mu bacuruzi cyangwa mu batwara abantu mu buryo bwa rusange (public transport). Usanga abanyonzi b’amagare barira, abamotari ni uko, abanyamatagisi (taximen) n’abo ni uko.
Kuri ibi hiyongeraho amafaranga adasobanutse yitwa amahoro y’isuku, amafaranga y’umutekano, umusanzu wa FPR, amafaranga yo gushyigira amatora, amafaranga yo gushyigikira amakipe, ibigega bitazwi icyo bikora nk’Agaciro Fund, ibyo gushyigikira ibikomerezwa nka Karenzi Karake, amafaranga y’irondo ry’umwuga n’ibindi n’ibindi.
Inguzanyo zigamije kwiba Abaturage gakondo yabo
Hari n’inguzanyo abaturage bahatirwa gufata mu mabanki ya FPR, bakubakamo amazu, maze bakananizwa kuyishyura, bagaterezwa cyamunara kuri make cyane ugereranyije n’ayo baba bahawe, amasambu n’aho bari batuye bikagurishwa bakajya kwangara. Aha urugero rubabaje ni umuturage witwa Ndayisaba Jean Marie Vianney, bahimbaga Gicumba, wari utuye mu Kagari ka Remera, Umurenge wa Nyamabuye, Akarere ka Muhanga. Uyu yahatiwe kwaka inguzanyo ya 50,000,000 FRW muri Banki ya FPR, maze atanga ingwate ku mazu yo ari mu Mudugudu wa Nyabisindu mu Kagari tumaze kuvuga. Yarayahawe yubaka ishuri ry’imyuga. Maze ryuzuye COVID-19 iba iraje, ananirwa kwishyura. Banki yahise iteza cyamunara mu buryo budafututse maze hagurwa n’umuntu wa FPR kuri 14,000,000FRW. Banki isigara imyishyuza 36,000,000FRW, kandi mu gihe bamuhaga inguzanyo amazu ye yari yahawe agaciro ka 80,000,000FRW. Ubu yaratorongeye, umugore nawe atorongera ukwe, abana babaye mayibobo, ishuri riraho, ritegereje ko Leta izarifatira nk’iritangira nyiraryo. Abantu batagirira impuhwe umuntu witwa Gicumba koko? Nyamara iryo zina rya Gicumba si akabyiniriro ahubwo ni irihimbano yawe kubera ubumuga bwaturutse mu ntambara bamushoyemo.
Imishinga ihomba ntihagirwe ingamba zifatwa
Iyo amafaranga atanyerejwe ngo ajyanwe hanze usanga asesagurwa cyangwa akanyerezwa, bigahora bivugwa buri mwaka ariko ntihagire igikorwa ngo agarurwe.
Urebye amafaranga ashorwa mu mishinga itarangira ngo itange icyo yari yitezweho wababara. Ujya kumva ukumva ngo hubatswe uruganda rucukura Nyiramugengeri (pit) mu Gishoma ngo ruyibyaze amashanyarazi, rumaze kuzura basanga nta pit ihari.
Ubundi ukumva ngo mu mushinga wo kubyaza amashanyarazi urugomero rwa Rukarara rwagomba gutanga 14 MW, amafaranga yaranyerejwe rutanga 4 MW gusa!
Iyo atari ibyo ujya kumva ukumva ngo Leta yahaye miliyari 500 Rwandair kuko yakoreye mu gihombo.
Ukumva ngo umushinga wakorwaga na Angelique International wagomba kubaka urugomero kuri Nyabarongo I (Nyabarongo I Hydropower Plant) rwaradindiye rwuzura rutwaye imyaka 10 rwaragomba kurangira mu myaka 3, n’uko rutanga 14 MW aho gutanga 28 MW. Bajya kurufungura ku mugaragaro ku wa 05/03/2015, uwari Mayor wa Muhanga, Madame Mutakwasuku Yvonne, yasekeje isi yose abwira Paul Kagame ko ikibazo giterwa na Nyabarongo isa nabi, maze amwizeza ko ubwo azasubira i Muhanga azasanga Nyabarongo yarabaye urubogobogo, ngo isa n’amazi yo mu gacupa ka Nil! Birasekeje ariko Birababaje!!
Ibyo bikaba no mu mushinga wa Gaz Méthane mu kiyaga cya Kivu, wahombye utaranatangira. Ariko byagera ku mishinga ikorwa n’Uturere n’ibigo bya Leta noneho bikaba agahomamunwa. Ahanini ugasanga Uturere dushaka gufatanya n’abashoramari bikorera ngo batsikamire abaturage, ukabyumva muri Bannyahe, Musanze, Rubavu, Kirehe, Rusizi, Rulindo n’ahandi n’ahandi.
Hari andi mafaranga menshi cyane atajya agaragarizwa umubare cyangwa ngo agenzurwe na Bwana Obadiah Biraro. Aya mafaranga ashingiye ku bwoba bw’umugabo umwe witwa Paul Kagame. Hamwe yikanga n’isazi akayirashisha missile atitaye ku mafaranga yaguzwe iyo missile.
Kubera ubu bwoba usanga inzego zitwa iz’umutekano, nyamara ari zo ziwubuza abaturage, zitwara akayabo katagira ingano, maze wa mugenzuzi yabaza uko angana bakamubwira ko mu bihugu byose amabanga ya gisirikare ari ngombwa ngo abanzi babo batamenya uko bahagaze mu bwirinzi. Nyamara si byo kuko mu bindi bihugu amafaranga ashyirwa mu gisirikare aba azwi, n’icyo azakora kizwi, ahubwo hakagirwa ibanga uburyo azakoreshwa (tactics).
UBURYO UBUKUNGU BW’U RWANDA BUGEZE AHARINDIMUKA
Muri iyi minsi haravugwa izamuka ry’amadeni Leta yafashe hagati y’umwaka wa 2019 na 2021, ariko akaba atagaragarizwa icyo yakoze kandi mu by’ukuri azishyurwa n’abana b’u Rwanda.
Icya kabiri umuntu yakwibaza ni ukwibaza niba izo nguzanyo zishorwa mu bikorwa bifitiye Abanyarwanda akamaro ku buryo yazazamura ubukungu. Ibi rero kubyibaza ni ukwirebera mu mazi wabona igicucucucu cyawe ukagira ngo ubonye undi muntu muganira, ukanibwira ko nurohoma uwo muntu aza kukurohora, nyamara wagera mu mazi ukamubura kuko nyine ntawe uba uhari.
Uyu muhanga akaba n’umushakashatsi, Dr Kayumba Christopher, yaganiriye na Ireme TV ndetse na Pax TV maze yemeza ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda butararindimuka burundu ariko bugeze aharindimuka, mbese bwifashe nabi cyane. Mu magambo ye yagize ati “Ndatekereza ko ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyane. Iyo urebye icyo mu Cyongereza bita amahame shingiro y’ubukungu, yose yerekana ko ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyane”. Anongeraho ko abona ko n’imibare ibigaragaza.
Ubundi Dr Kayumba Christopher, umushakashatsi, umusesenguzi, inararibonye ndetse akaba umwarimu wa za Kaminuza, yagiye yumvikana anenga Leta mu byo abona bitagenda akibanda ku butabera, itangazamakuru n’izindi ngingo zifatiye runini u Rwanda. Ibi ntibyashimishije abategetsi bamutaye mu gihome, afungwa umwaka urenga azira akamama, ariko avamo noneho afite ibitekerezo bityaye ndetse akibanda ku ngamba z’uburyo bwakemuka.
Aherutse kandi kwandika ku rubuga rwe rwa Twitter agira ati “ Turasaba Leta guhamagara inama y’igihugu igizwe n’abashinzwe ubukungu, abahanga mu bukungu n’abanyapolitiki baturuka mu mashyaka atandukanye bakaganira ku kibazo cy’ubukungu bumeze nabi, amadeni y’amahanga akomeje kwiyongera, ubushomeri n’ubukene bukabije.”
Yahise ashyira itangazo ku rubuga rwa Twitter rwitwa @RPDRwanda.
Aha rero niho twe tubonera ko niyo washaka gucecekesha ukubwira ibitagenda, bitagukundira, wanamwica hakavuka abandi kuko ukuri guhora ari ukuri, kandi igihe cyose kuratsinda. Impirimbanyi z’ukuri aho ziri hose ndazisuhuje. Mukomere, ntimuri mwenyine!
Reka twigarukire turebe ibyo tubona kimwe n’uko Dr Kayumba yabitangaje, ariko noneho twifashishe ingero zifatika, zishingiye ku mibare no ku bimenyetso, kugira ngo bitandukane n’amarangamutima.
Ubundi mu kureba Iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu harebwa ibintu bine by’ingenzi:
- Ukuntu ubukungu bwiyongereye cyangwa bwagabanutse: Banki y’Isi yerekanye ko hagati ya 2019 na 2021, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagabanutseho 16%. Nyamara kuva u Rwanda rwabaho ntabwo ubukungu bwigeze bwiyongera buri mwaka kuri icyo kigero. Aha rero buri wese ahita abyibonera ko turimo kwerekeza mu manga. Iki gipimo kibarwa hashingiwe ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP mu cyongereza cyangwa PIB mu gifaransa). Uyu ntushobora kuzamuka mu gihe ibyinjira mu gihugu biruta ibisohoka.
- Amadeni igihugu gifitiye ibindi bihugu: Amadeni u Rwanda rwari rufitiye amahanga muri 2019 yari 58.1% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu. Ni ukuvuga ko igihugu gitunzwe na 41.9% gusa, nyamara tukirirwa tubeshywa ko twateye imbere. Uyu munsi Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN) yerekana ko aya amadeni ageze kuri 76.2%. Bivuze ko u Rwanda rwihagije gusa kuri 23.8% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu. Ni ukuvuga ko inguzanyo z’amahanga zazamutseho 18.1% mu myaka 2 gusa! Kuba aharindimuka byari ngombwa! Nyamara aka kayabo kakoze iki cyo kuzamura abaturage? Ntacyo!
- Abakora mu gihugu (Igipimo cy’ubushomeri): Muri 2019 abadafite akazi bari 13%. Uyu munsi abashomeri bageze kuri 22% by’abaturage bose. Bivuze ko abo badakora batahagaritse kubaho, ahubwo batunzwe na 78% nabo abenshi muri bo badafite icyo bakora gifatika (chômage déguisé).
cyangwa ugasanga ari abahinzi bahingira kurya gusa barenga 70%. Nta gikorwa ngo abahunzi bahingira amasoko biyongere. Kandi iyi mibare yiyongera ku buryo bukabije, nta n’ingamba zihari zifatika zo kubihagarika.
- Ubukene mu gihugu: Muri raporo Banki y’Isi yasohoye mu kwezi kwa mbere 2021, yerekanye ko ubukene mu gihugu bwiyongereyeho 5.1%. Ni ukuvuga ko Abanyarwanda barenga 550,000 bagiye mu bukene mu mwaka umwe gusa. Uyu mubare ni munini cyane kuko Uturere two mu Rwanda dufite abaturage bangana gutya ni ducye cyane.
Dufashe nk’urugero, mu ibarura riheruka muri 2012, Uturere dutanu twonyine ni two twari dufite abaturage barenga 400,000. Utwo ni Gasabo (530,907), Nyagatare (466,944), Gatsibo (433,997), Rusizi (404,278), na Rubavu (404,278).
Iyi raporo ya Banki y’Isi ivuga ko abaturage barenga 550, 000 bangana na 5.1%, iratubwira ko abaturage batuye Uturere hafi tubiri twose bagiye mu bukene bukabije. Nyamara n’iyo byaba Umurenge umwe byaba bikabije cyane, kuko ubundi mu kubara iterambere ry’ubukungu, habarirwa ku baturage bose, nta n’umwe ugomba gusubira inyuma. None mwibaze Uturere tubiri twose twagiye mu murongo wo gufashwa buri kimwe cyose, harimo no kugaburirwa. Kandi ubwo mu baturage b’Akarere haba habarirwamo na Mayor n’ibindi bikomerezwa byose acumbikiye.
Kuri iki gipimo cya kane kandi Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BNR) iravuga ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryagabanyutseho 10.3% kuva muri 2019 kugeza muri 2021. Icyo gihe idorali ($) rimwe ryavunjaga 900FRW none ubu riragura 1000FRW arenga. Birumvikana ko ubushobozi bw’umuturage bwo kujya ku isoko bwaguye hasi cyane. Ibikorwa nabyo byaraguye. Ibi byose biragagaza ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bumeze nabi cyane, bugeze aharindimuka, kandi ukabona abategetsi nta bushake bafite bwo kubuzahura.
Reka dufate urugero rufatika: Niba umuturage wajyanaga igitebo cy’ibijumba ku isoko muri 2019 bakamuha 2000 FRW uyu munsi bamuha 1794 FRW. Mu gihe icyo gihe yabashaga kuguramo ibiro bibiri by’isukari, uyu munsi yaguramo ikiro kimwe cy’isukari agasagura 691FRW ataguramo n’ikiro cy’umunyu, kuko pouvoir d’achat izaba yagabanutse cyane. Niba se hakora 78%, muri bo ninde uzabasha kwigondera igitebo cy’ibijumba cyo kujyana ku isoko, mu gihe nawe yariye rimwe mu minsi ibiri? Ubwo murumva aho u Rwanda rugeze rurindimuka!
Tugarutse ku gipimo cya kabiri, aya madeni angana na 76.2% aba akubiyemo inguzanyo u Rwanda rwafashe hanze y’igihugu hakazamo n’impapuro mpeshamwenda Leta iha abaturage bakayiha amafaranga azishyurwa, kandi icyo Leta yayakoresheje ntikigaragare.
Gusa igiteye ubwoba ni uko imyenda y’abanyamahanga yishyurwa mu madorali y’Amerika. Bivuze ko igenda ikura, uko imyaka ishira, aho kugabanuka. Urugero niba u Rwanda rugujiije 100,000,000,000FRW muri Banki y’Isi ruzishyura mu myaka 30 rwajya kurangiza kuyishyura yarabaye 300,000,000,000FRW arenga. Bivuze ko muri ya Vision 2050 birirwa batubeshya, niba u Rwanda ruzaba rukiriho, ruzaba rufite imyenda myinshi ikomoka ku nguzanyo zirimo gufatwa ubu zikagenda zikura. Ubwo se koko mu by’ukuri u Rwanda ruragana he? Ibi byose ingaruka zabyo ni uko u Rwanda rugenda rugera mu gihe cyo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwishyura inguzanyo z’amahanga. Igihe rero kigiye kugera aho ubushobozi bwo kwishyura burangira noneho icyizere amahanga yari adufitiye nacyo kirangire. Nibigera aho abazemera kuguriza u Rwanda bazaruca inyungu nyinshi cyane, na none bigabanye kurushaho ubushobozi bwo kwishyura. Icyo gihe n’abandi bakoranaga n’u Rwanda ku isoko bazatakaza icyizere.
Iki gihe rero ni kibi cyane kuko amahanga azaza afata bimwe mu bikorwa remezo nk’ibibuga by’indege cyangwa amahoteli ndetse n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro nabwo bwacumbagiraga bukazamurwa n’ayibwa muri DRC. N’undi mutungo w’igihugu wose uzafatirwa n’abagurije aka gatsiko kadashakira ibyiza u Rwanda. Uku kubifatira bagamije kwiyishyura bizatuma u Rwanda noneho ha harindimuka rwari ruri ruhava hubu hubu (chute libre) rwisange mu manga rutazashobora kwikuramo.
Ese wasobanura gute ukuntu u Rwanda rwasonewe imyenda kubera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi none rukaba rufite imyenda ikubye inshuro 30 iyo rwari rusanganywe? Byose nta handi biva ni ku micungire mibi y’umutungo w’igihugu no kwigwizaho ibya rubanda.
Ikigaragaza iyi micungire mibi ni uko usanga muri buri ngengo y’imari ya buri mwaka (budget annuel), MINECOFIN ariyo ifite amafaranga menshi nyamara ntacyo ikora gifatika. Amafaranga menshi abura kujya mu buhinzi, mu bikorwa remezo, mu burezi cyangwa mu buvuzi ukumva ngo yagiye muri MINECOFIN. None se iyi Minisiteri ko itubaka amashuri, amavuriro, imihanda n’ibindi aya mafaranga ihabwa iyashyira he? Aya niyo yoherezwa kuri ba bashumba twavuze haruguru maze agatsiko kagakomeza kwigwizaho ibyagatunze rubanda, nyamara rwo rugakeneshwa umunsi ku munsi. Amaherezo ni ayahe?
Iyi Minisiteri yakagombye kurekera amafaranga yose izindi za Minisiteri zikora ibikorwa by’iterambere, yo igasigara gusa mu kugena politiki y’imari no gushaka ibyo Leta yayishoramo ngo ubukungu buzamuke. Ntaho rero bitaniye n’Intare irya yicaye, nyamara inyamaswa zagize uruhare mu muhigo zigahabwa ubusa cyangwa ubusabusa. (La part du lion).
MINECOFIN : ikimenyetso cyu urwango FPR ifitiye Abanyarwanda
Ingengo y’imari y’uyu mwaka tugiye kujyamo wa 2021/2022 yiyongereyeho 9.8% na none amafaranga menshi ahabwa MINECOFIN. Ese uru rwango abategetsi bafitiye Abanyarwanda ruzavaho ryari?
Igitangaje muri iyi ngengo y’imari yeretswe Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, amafaranga arimo yo kurya (budget de consommation) bo bita aya fonctionnement ni 49.2% yose. Bivuze ko azajya mu bikorwa by’iterambere ari 50.8% gusa, mu gihe abahanga mu bukungu bemeza ko current money itagomba kurenza 20%, ni ukuvuga imishahara n’ibindi bibagendaho, andi yose akajya mu bikorwa by’iterambere. Twarangiza ngo turatera imbere? Bizaba ntangare!
Ubu se iyi budget Abadepite bayitora babanje kureba Value for money (Economy, Efficiency and Effectiveness)? Ubu ugiye kubakira inzu umuntu ya 20,000,000FRW akakubwira ngo 10,160,000FRW niyo yonyine azajya ku nzu yawe, naho 9,840,000FRW azayihemba waba ukimuhaye icyo kiraka? Utari umwana wese arabyumva!
Iyo ugerageje kubaza abashinzwe iby’ubukungu mu Rwanda bireguza ngo kubura akazi byatewe na COVID-19. Nyamara bakirengagiza ko hari ibindi bihugu byafashe iki cyorezo nk’amahirwe yo kubona akazi, ubu ugasanga ibyari ibyago bizabazanira inyungu utabona uko ubara. Abandi bo bashyizeho politiki ifatika yo kuzanzahura ubukungu naho twe?! Ese za nguzanyo z’amahanga zazamutseho 18.1% hagati ya 2019 na 2021 zagiye he, kuki zitashyizwe mu guhanga akazi katuma abanyarwanda bikura mu bukene bukabije?
Mu by’ukuri abakozi ba MINECOFIN bavuga ko inguzanyo zazamutse muri iyi myaka 2 zashyizwe mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo birimo Kigali Convention Center, Kigali Arena no kugura indege za Rwanda, nyamara bakibagirwa ko ibi byose bitakozwe mu gihe cya COVID-19. None aya mafaranga yagujijwe muri iki gihe ari he? Ese twibwire ko arimo gushorwa mu bikorwa bifitiye Abanyarwanda akamaro kurusha ibindi?
Nta handi rero ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugana uretse ku kuba burindimuka bukazisanga mu manga rutazashobora kwikuramo.