Tumaze iminsi tubagezaho agahinda k’abaturage hirya no hino mu gihugu barira ayo kwarika bitewe no gukeneshwa n’abambari ba FPR mu nzego zitandukanye. Ubu noneho ikigezweho ni ubujura bukorerwa abaturage aho bamburwa imitungo baruhiye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryashyizwe muri za cyamunara zikorwa n’abahesha b’inkiko b’umwuga, baba bashyizweho na FPR kugira ngo bayigwirize indoke.
Nyuma yo kubona ko cyamunara zaberaga ku mugaragaro, abaturage bakarenganira mu ruhame, buri wese akabibona, FPR yashyizeho Urugaga rw’Abahesha b’Inkiko b’Umwuga (Professional Bailifs Association/ Corps d’Huissiers de Justice Professionnels), mu 2001, rushyizweho n’Itegeko No 31/2001 ryo ku wa 12/06/2001 rishyiraho kandi ritunganya imikorere y’Urugaga rw’Abahesha b’Inkiko b’Umwuga. Abahesha b’Inkiko b’Umwuga ba mbere batangiye uwo mwuga mu mwaka wa 2003 rugizwe gusa n’abantu barindwi.
Aba bari abantu barindwi bashyirwagaho n’Ubunyamabanga bwa FPR bukorera i Rusororo, bakica bagakiza. Hagaragaye akarengane katagira ingano, karagenda kamara imyaka 10 yose, Abanyarwanda bageze ku buce, abandi barakeneshejwe mu buryo bugaragara, Hari n’abahunze igihugu. Iri tegeko ryabagenga ryari ryuzuyemo ibihanga byinshi, ku buryo bamwe bakomeje gukomeza gutegereza igihe Imana izimanukira ikirokorera abayo. Akarengane karagiye karagwira ndetse kigerekaho akandi, bifata intera ndende.
Mu buryo bwo kujijisha Abanyarwanda no kuberaka ko FPR igiye kubakemurira ikibazo, agatsiko kari ku butegetsi kakuyeho rya tegeko ryo mu 2001, twavuze haruguru, risimbuzwa Itegeko No 12/2013 ryo ku wa 22/03/2013 rigenga umurimo w’Abahesha b’Inkiko, ryemerera abandi bahesha b’inkiko kwinjira mu rugaga, ku buryo kuri ubu rugizwe n’abarenga 500 kandi bakomeza kwiyongera, uko FPR ibishatse.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’abahesha b’inkiko barindwi bateganywaga n’itegeko rya 2001 n’abarenga abo bateganywa n’itegeko rya 2013 ni rito cyane. Barindwi bashyizweho n’itegeko rya 2001 bagatangira gukora mu 2003 bashyirwagaho na Secretariat ya FPR naho ab’uyu munsi bashyirwaho na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, nawe ugomba kuba akomoka muri FPR, nk’uko ingingo 28 y’itegeko rya 2013 ibiteganya.
Ntaho rero byavuye, ntaho byagiye kuko n’ubundi Urugaga rw’Abahesha b’Inkiko rushyirwaho na FPR ikarugenera aho rukorera, ku Kicukiro hafi ya Sonatubes, mu nyubako ya FPR yitwa Silver Back, muri Etage ya 3, igahemba abaruyobora, nabo bakayifasha mu kwigwizaho umutungo ukomoka mu misanzu y’abanyamuryango ndetse no mu bujura bukorerwa muri cyamunara zidakurikije amategeko ziboneka hose.
Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 12/2013 ryo ku wa 22/03/2013 igena intego eshanu zikurikira:
(1) Guhuriza hamwe Abahesha b’Inkiko b’Umwuga;
(2) Gukurikirana no guharanira ko imanza zirangizwa mu butabera no gukora izindi nshingano ziri mu bubasha bwarwo;
(3) Guharanira iterambere n’imikorere myiza mu bijyanye n’inshingano z’Abahesha b’Inkiko; (4)Guharanira inyungu z’Umwuga w’Ubuhesha bw’Inkiko;
(5) Gukumira no gukemura amakimbirane ashobora kuba hagati y’abanyamuryango ubwabo no hagati y’abanyamuryango n’abatari abanyamuryango b’Urugaga.
Ikibabaje ni uko muri izi ntego zose nta n’imwe yubahirizwa, ahubwo igishyirwa imbere ni ubujura bwungura agatsiko ka FPR, nako kagasagurira aba bagaragu bako.
Kuva muri 2013 kugeza uyu munsi FPR yakoresheje aba bagaragu baba biganjemo ibisambo byananiwe indi mirimo, bigahungira muri uru rugaga aho bigenerwa igihembo cya buri kwezi kingana n’amafaranga ari hagati y’ibihumbi 300 FRW na miliyoni 15 FRW, utabariyemo ayo biba muri za cyamunara, ayo bahabwa nka ruswa, n’ayo bahabwa n’abakomisiyoneri baba bamaze guhemberwa gutesha agaciro imitungo y’abadashakwa.
Ku wa mbere tariki ya 17/10/2022, intumwa za FPR zakoresheje ikinamico y’amatora yasize Me Niyonkuru Jean Aimé abaye Perezida w’Urugaga, asimbuye Me Munyaneza Valérien, wanenzwe gushyira imbere inyungu ze aho guharanira iza FPR. Visi Perezida yabaye Me Emeline Uwingabire, umubitsi aba Me Umubyeyi Emma. Abahesha b’inkiko barimo Me Irambona Laure Marie-France na Me Ngaruyinka Jean Claude banze kugira icyo batangaza kuko bose bazi uko baba bashyizwe mu Rugaga, kumva ko FPR yabahaye abayobozi ntibabibonamo ikibazo, gusa bigarukiye ku mafaranga makeya bahabwa, aho umuhesha w’inkiko ashobora guteza cyamunara imitungo ingana na miliyoni 5 FRW agahembwa ibihumbi 50 FRW ku buryo bitabura kumushora muri ruswa cyangwa kwakira izindi ndonke iyo abuze ubunyangamugayo.
Me Ismail Uwimana we yagarutse ku kibazo cy’ubwishingizi asaba ko habaho impinduka zatuma kwivuza ku bahesha b’inkiko byoroshywa kandi bagashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi mu mavuriro yigenga. Muri aya matora y’ikinamico kandi hatowe abahesha b’inkiko bane bahagarariye abandi ari bo Me Gasore John, Me Mbanjeneza Isaac, Me Uwamaliya Charlotte na Me Ingabire Aline.
- Icyuho mu ngingo z’amategeko
Ingingo ya 33 y’itegeko No 12/2013 riteganya ko buri muhesha w’inkiko agomba kugira aho akorera hazwi ndetse hari n’icyapa kiharanga. Ariko kugeza uyu munsi ushaka umuhesha w’inkiko amusanga ku cyicaro cy’urugaga, ku Kicukiro, mu nyubako ya Silver Back ya FPR. Birumvikana ko bagikora mu kajagari keruye.
Ni mu gihe ingingo ya 33 itegeko riteganya ko ibihembo by’abahesha b’inkiko bikurwa mu mafaranga yavuye muri za cyamunara. Ibi bitanga icyuho gikomeye kuko umuhesha w’inkiko waburaye cyangwa ufite ikindi akeneye yishora mu guteza cyamunara n’ubwo urubanza rwaba rukiri mu nkiko, rutaraba ndakuka, kubera kwishakira amaramuko ye ku giti cye, imisanzu y’urugaga n’imisanzu ya FPR. Iki kikaba ari cyo kibazo nyamukuru gikurura amanyanga akorwa n’abahesha b’inkiko bitwa ngo n’ab’umwuga kuko hari n’abatari ab’umwuga bagizwe na ba Gitifu b’Uturere, Imirenge n’Utugari mu mafasi bakoreramo.
Ikindi cyuho kinini kigaragara kiboneka mu ngingo ya 58 ivuga ko buri muhesha w’inkiko ugiye gutangira akazi, agomba kurahirira imbere ya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera cyangwa umukozi wa Leta yabihereye uburenganzira. Ugiye gutangira iyi mirimo avuga iyi ndahiro : « Jyewe , ndahiriye Igihugu kubahiriza
Itegeko Nshinga, kuzakurikiza amategeko, gukora umurimo w’ubuhesha bw’inkiko mu cyubahiro, umutimanama, mu bwigenge n’ubumuntu, kutazaca ukubiri n’icyubahiro gikwiye inkiko n’inzego za Leta ». Ikibabaje n’uko ibikubiye muri iyi ndahiro nta na kimwe cyubahirizwa.
- Amwe mu manyanga akorwa n’Abahesha b’Inkiko
Amanyanga menshi akorwa ashingiye ku Itegeko rigenga cyamunara ryashyizweho ku wa 21/05/2021, riteganya ko buri cyamunara igomba gukorerwa muri système kandi nyir’umutungo akagira ijambo ringana n’iry’uteza cyamunara. Iri tegeko ryari ryitezweho gukemura ikibazo cy’iteshagaciro rya hato na hato rigaragara mu cyamunara. Abanyarwanda barenganye bumvaga ko hari icyo bigiye gukemura ariko ntacyo.
Dufashe nk’urugero, uwitwa Macumi Jean Baptiste watangarije Rwandamagazine.com ko yaguze ikibanza mu Mudugudu wa Gasharu, Akagari ka Ngiryi mu Murenge wa Jabana mu Karere ka Gasabo, bikorerwa imbere y’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze.
Uyu mugabo yavuze ko nyuma yaje kumenya amakuru ko yaguze umutungo urimo amakimbirane kugeza ubwo utejwe cyamunara mu buryo atasobanukiwe. Ikibanza n’inzu Macumi avuga ko yabiguze 3,800,000 FRW yongeraho n’andi yakoresheje ahatunganya. Nyamara ibi byose byarirengagijwe hateshwa agaciro, hagurishwa 2,500,100 FRW, ataha amara masa. Ubu aracumbitse nyuma yo gukeneshwa n’iyi cyamunara.
Nyuma y’iri tegeko, Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe kwegereza abaturage ubutabera, Urujeni Martine, yavuze ko cyamunara yose izajya itangirira mu ikoranabuhanga, akaba ari naho isorezwa ku buryo bizaca amanyanga yakorwa. Gusa iki cyizere cyahise kiraza amasinde kuko amanyanga yabaga mbere yikubye kenshi cyane kandi ashingiye n’ubundi kuri iri tegeko rigifite icyuho kinini.
Mu magambo make, amwe mu manyanga akorwa ni uko iri tegeko riteganya ko cyamunara itezwa kugeza ku nshuro eshatu (Round 1, Round 2 na Round 3). Iyo igicuruzwa gishyizwe mu cyamunara kuri Round 1, ny’umutungo ashyiramo igiciro, n’uteza cyamunara agashyiramo ikindi, hakaba hari n’igenagaciro ryakozwe n’umugenagaciro wemewe na Leta. Iyo nta muguzi n’umwe ugejeje ku giciro cy’igitezwa cyamunara, hahita hitabazwa Round 2, mu minsi 30. Iyo nabwo nta wugejeje ku gaciro ka nyako k’umutungo hitabazwa Round 3. Kuri iyi nshuro ya 3 rero igiciro cyose gitanzwe kiremerwa hatarebwe agaciro k’umutungo.
Niho rero usanga umuhesha w’inkiko agambana n’abakomisiyoneri bagatesha agaciro umutungo kuri Round 1 na Round 2 maze byagera muri Round 3, akakira ayo abonye yose, uwaguze umutungo wateshejwe agaciro, akagira icyo agenera amafaranga aha umuhesha w’inkiko nawe agahemba abakomisiyoneri.
Dufashe urugero, Ndayisaba JMV wari utuye mu Mudugudu wa Nyabisindu, Akagari ka Remera, Umurenge wa Nyamabuye, Akarere ka Muhanga, yahatiwe gufata inguzanyo muri BK ya miliyoni 60 FRW, agwatiriza inzu n’ikibanza bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 110 FRW. Inguzanyo yayubatsemo ishuri, ritaruzura haba hadutse Covid-19, ananirwa kwishyura. Muri Cyamunara, kuri Round 1 na Round 2 nta n’umwe wagejeje ku gaciro k’imitungo, maze kuri Round 3, hagurishwa miliyoni 14 FRW. Uyu munsi arasembera, umugore we yabaye indaya, abana babaye mayibobo. Nyamara BK iramwishyuza arenga miliyoni 150 FRW hamwe n’inyungu.
Uyu kimwe rero kimwe na Mporanyi Charles wo ku Kimihurura, Haji w’I Nyanza n’abandi benshi cyane nta kindi cyabakenesheje, uretse iteshwagaciro ryakorewe imitungo yabo. Muri ubu busesenguzi twahisemo kurebera ahamwe akarengane kakorewe umubiligi wagurishirijwe imitungo ku maherere hakoreshejwe aya manyanga, aho imitungo y’umuryango we yatejwe cyamunara kuri miliyoni 110 FRW nyamara agaciro nyako ari miliyoni 400 FRW. Birumvikana ko uwahaguze yahaye agatubutse umuhesha w’inkiko n’abakomisiyoneri, akigurira umutungo kuri make nk’uko bijya bikorwa hirya no hino mu gihugu.
- Ibyakorewe umubiligi Valois Félix ni agahomamunwa
Inkuru yatambutse kuri Radio 10, mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 01/11/2022, ikanasohoka ku rubuga rwa Ukwezi.com, uwo munsi, yahawe umutwe ugira uti : «Rubavu : Umutungo w’Umubiligi wa miliyoni 400 FRW wagurishijwe miliyoni 110 FRW muri Cyamunara y’urubanza rutaracibwa », yavugaga ko umuturage ufite ubwenegihugu bw’Ububiligi utuye mu Murenge wa Gisenyi, mu Karere ka Rubavu, yasohowe mu nzu ngo bamutereze cyamunara mu gihe urubanza rwayo rutaracibwa mu buryo bwa burundu, kuko urubanza rwari kuzasomwa tariki ya 14/11/2022.
Umuryango waterejwe cyamunara, ni uwa Valois Félix, akaba umuvandimwe wa Valois Jean Marie wafashe inguzanyo ya miliyoni 61 FRW mu gihe umutungo wagurishijwe ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 400 FRW ariko ukaba wagurishijwe miliyoni 110 FRW gusa.
Umunyamakuru wa Radio &TV 10, yageze ahatuye uyu muryango wa Valois Félix, asanga ibikoresho byo mu nzu byasohowe ndetse akavura kari kugwa. Umugore wa Valois Félix, yavuze ko iyi cyamunara ifitanye isano n’urubanza bamaze iminsi baburana rw’umuvandimwe wabo wagiranye ikibazo n’undi muntu. Uyu mubyeyi yagize ati : « Twaje kubimenya ko bamuhamagaye mu rukiko baza gushyira muri cyamunara hano mu mutungo urimo abavandimwe batanu, umwe ni we wagize icyo kibazo, twese turi abazungura, harimo abuzukuru n’abuzukuruza, noneho ntibafata umutungo wa nyiri ubwite wagize ikibazo, bafata iby’abantu twese ». Yongeyeho ko batunguwe n’iyi cyamunara yihutishijwe kuko urubanza rwayo rutararangira, ndetse igihe cyo kurusoma kikaba cyaburaga ibyumweru 2.
Uyu mugore wa Valois yakomeje avuga ko babomoye inzu kandi ba nyirayo bahari, batarapfuye, ibintu barasohora bashyira, bimwe birangirika, ibindi byibwa n’abajura buririye kuri aka kavuyo. Uyu mugore rero akibaza impamvu batahawe integuza cyangwa bahamagare umugabo we, cyane ko uwagujije ari umwe mu bana batanu bagize uyu muryango, kandi umuryango ukaba utaramwishingiye, akumva nta kuntu hari gutezwa umutungo abatanyije n’abavandimwe be kandi mu by’ukuri nawe afite imitungo ye yigengaho.
Umunyamakuru wa Radio &TV 10 yashatse kumenya impamvu yatumye umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga, Me Nyirakamana Daphrose akora ibyo avuga ko ntacyo ashaka kuvugana n’itangazamakuru. Ibi rero, nk’uko twabisobanuye haruguru, uyu muhesha w’inkiko yanze guhara inyungu yari afite mu cyamunara. Amakuru yageze kuri Radio &TV 10 ni uko uyu muryango wasohowe mu nzu wakoze inama, ndetse wegera uwagiranye ikibazo n’umuvandimwe wabo, bemeranya ko, aho guseba, bazemera bakishyurira umuvandimwe wabo mu byiciro, bamaze kubyerenyaho, bajyana ikirego gitesha agaciro umwanzuro w’urukiko wa mbere wo guteza cyamunara. Urukiko rwakiriye iki kirego, rugiha ishingiro ndetse rushyiraho itariki yo gusomerwa.
Ku rundi ruhande umuhesha w’inkinko, Me Nyirakamana Daphrose yaciye ku ruhande ashaka abakomisiyoneri, bamushakira umuguzi uzahagura agaciro gato cyane, karengaho gato 25% by’agaciro k’umutungo, ni ukuvuga miliyoni 110 FRW, kandi itegeko rivuga ko bitemewe kujya munsi ya 70% by’agaciro k’umutungo, ahita ahagurisha huti huti, ashingiye kuri wa mwanzuro wa mbere witeguraga guteshwa agaciro mu byumweru 2, ubundi aye ayakenyereraho yisubirira i Kigali yemye bujura.
Ntabwo twabashije kumenya amafaranga yahawe Me Nyirakamana Daphrose, ariko dufashe nk’urugero niba uwaguze yaratanze miliyoni 300 FRW ku mutungo wa miliyoni 400 FRW, ntiyahombye, ariko Me Nyirakamana we yahise abika miliyoni 190 FRW mu mufuka, yongeraho ibihembo byo guteza cyamunara byavuye muri za miliyoni 110 FRW, ahemba abakomisiyoneri, ubundi arimanukira, ntacyo yishisha kuko azi ko arinzwe na FPR, kandi ni mu gihe ayo agiye kuyinjiriza akomotse muri iyi cyamunara ni menshi cyane.
Me Niyonkuru Jean Aimé, uyobora Urugaga rw’Abahesha b’Inkiko b’Umwuga (PBA) mu Rwanda, abajijwe kuri iki kibazo, yavuze ko ntacyo yabivugaho kuko nta wuramugezaho ikirego, ariko anongeraho ko itegeko rya cyamunara na ryo rifite ikibazo bityo ko hari ubwo umuturage abirenganiramo.
Yagize ati : «Twe nk’Urugaga, ni tolérance zéro mu gihe habayeho ikosa, ariko n’itegeko ubwaryo rifite ikibazo kuko urabona tuyoborwa na system, iyo umutungo ugiye ku isoko muri cyamunara ya mbere n’iya kabiri, nyiri umutungo n’ugurisha bafite uburenganzira bwo kwanga igiciro mu gihe kitageze kuri 70%, ariko ku nshuro ya gatatu, nubwo haboneka ibihumbi bibiri, system ihita ifunguka igatangaza uwatsinze ». Ibi rero akabifata nk’icyuho kuko ushobora gukurikirana Me Nyirakamana Daphrose nta kosa wamushinja.
Gusa na none Me Niyonkuru yabwiye Radio &TV 10 ko mbere yo gutangira imirimo babanza kurahira kandi ko mu ndahiro harimo kurangwa n’ubumuntu, akumva rero Me Nyirakamana yarabuze ubumuntu kuko yari azi neza ko abafitanye ikibazo bumvikanye, ndetse bagatanga ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro umwanzuro wa mbere, ariko we akihutira gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mwanzuro wari ugiye guteshwa agaciro.
Andi makuru yavugaga ko uyu muryango wasohowe hanze wari wandikiye Akarere ka Rubavu, usaba gutambamira iyi cyamunara, kugira ngo urukiko rubanze rufate icyemezo. Akarere ka Rubavu kabasubije kavuga ko cyamunara igomba kuba ihagaze, hagategerezwa umwanzuro wa kabiri w’urukiko, uvuguruza uwa mbere, ariko na none gaca inyuma kandika ibaruwa yindi ibwira uwatsindiye imitungo ko agomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemejwe n’urukiko bwa mbere. Ibi rero bigaragara ko amanyanga akorwa n’abahesha b’inkiko biba bashyira FPR ashyigikirwa n’abambari ba FPR iba yarohereje mu nzego z’ibanze.
Abajijwe kuri uku kwivuguruza kw’Akarere ka Rubavu, kanditse amabaruwa abiri umunsi umwe avuga ibintu bihabanye, Mayor Kambogo yavuze ko ntacyo bagomba kubazwa kuko Akarere atariko karangiza imanza.
Ubu rero nibwo busesenguzi twabakoreye ku bujura bukorwa n’abahesha b’inkiko, biba bashyira FPR, inzego z’ibanze zikabakingira ikibaba, abaturage bagasigara iheruheru, kugira ngo namwe mwifatire umwanzuro.
FPR, UBUJURA BWAWE BURENZE UKWEMERA, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA !
Ahirwe Karoli