Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Mu gihe u Rwanda rutagaragaza ibirombe bicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bufatika, ubuhari bukaba bwiganjemo ubwa gakondo bukomeje guhitana abatari bake kandi ntibutange umusaruro wakoherezwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga, imibare y’Ikigo gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaze mu Rwanda (RMB) yerekanye ko mu mezi atatu ashize u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga toni zirenga 6,600 z’amabuye y’agaciro, zinjije miliyoni $362.3, ni ukuvuga asaga miliyari 420 FRW, nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuzindaro wa Leta, Igihe.com, kuri uyu wa 25/07/2023. Ibi rero ntibyabuze kuzamura amarangamutima ya benshi bibaza aho aya mabuye ava.
RMB ivuga ko iyi mibare igaragaza uko u Rwanda rwari ruhagaze mu mabuye y’agaciro yacurujwe mu mahanga mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’uyu mwaka, mu mezi ya Mata, Gicurasi na Kamena 2023. Ni amafaranga yiyongereye cyane, kuko mu mezi atatu ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2023, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni $247.4. Iyi mibare yatangajwe kuri uyu wa Kabiri, igaragaza ko amabuye y’agaciro yose yagurishijwe muri icyo gihe yari ibilo 6,638,538, avamo $362,368,845. Mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda ni miliyari 420 FRW zirenga. Iyi mibare rero nta muntu n’umwe itatera kuyibazaho aramutse azi iby’ubucukuzi. Ni amabuye urebye ku mafaranga yavuyemo, arangajwe imbere na Zahabu kuko muri Mata hoherejwe ibilo 1,506 byari bifite agaciro ka miliyoni $97.5. Muri Gicurasi hagurishijwe ibilo 1,520 byinjije miliyoni $99.0, naho muri Kamena hoherezwa ibilo 1,670 byinjije miliyoni $106.1. Ese u Rwanda ntiruterwa isoni no kohereza mu mahanga Zahabu ingana gutya mu gihe nta kirombe cyayo kiri mu Rwanda cyanga n’ibilo 10?
Iki rero ni igihamya cy’uko aya mabuye y’agaciro yoherezwa mu mahanga asa neza neza n’acukurwa mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, ariko ntase n’ayo mu Burundi nka Nickel, nyamara biri mu Karere kamwe. Urebye Gasegereti, muri Mata hoherejwe ibilo 388,818 byinjije miliyoni $6.2, muri Gicurasi hoherezwa ibilo 341,533 byavuyemo miliyoni $5.2, naho muri Kamena hoherezwa ibilo 413,804, byinjije miliyoni $7.4.
Andi mabuye y’agaciro yinjije amafaranga menshi ni Coltan, nayo isa neza neza n’icukurwa mu birombe bya Rubaya n’ahandi mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Muri Mata hoherejwe ibilo 133,828 havamo miliyoni $6.2, muri Gicurasi hoherezwa ibilo 198,787 byavuyemo miliyoni $9.5, naho muri Kamena hoherezwa ibilo 254,400 byavuyemo miliyoni $11.9. Ku ruhande rwa Wolfram, muri Mata hoherejwe ibilo 120,920 byinjije miliyoni $1.5, muri Gicurasi hoherezwa ibilo 246,920 byinjije miliyoni $3.3, muri Kamena hoherezwa ibilo 267,595 byavuyemo miliyoni $3.5. Urebye ku yandi mabuye y’agaciro muri rusange, muri Mata hoherejwe ibilo 514,820 byinjije miliyoni $1.2, muri Gicurasi hoherezwa ibilo 1,357,729 byavuyemo miliyoni $1.3, muri Kamena hoherezwa ibilo 2,394,688 byinjije miliyoni $1.9.
Nta gushidikanya na guke, buri wese ahita abona yuko aya mabuye ari acukurwa mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, arimo Gasegereti, Coltan, Wolfram na Zahabu (3Ts+G =Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten + Gold), none u Rwanda rukaba rwaratangiye kototera n’andi acukurwa muri kiriya gihugu yiganjemo Lithium, ishakishwa cyane ku Isi kubera ubukenerwe bwayo mu gukoreshwa muri za batiri zirimo kwifashishwa mu gutwara ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, nk’uko byatangajwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RMB, Amb. Yamina Karitanyi.
Karitanyi yatangaje kandi ko u Rwanda rurambirije cyane kuri Lithium kuko itagora kuyitunganya nk’andi abanza kozwa kandi ngo igiciro cyayo kikaba cyatumbagiye cyane muri uyu mwaka kuko cyavuye ku $44,090 mu mwaka wa 2022 kigera ku $61,520 kuri toni imwe mu mwaka wa 2023, kubera ukuntu akenewe ku isoko. Mu kiganiro Karitanyi aherutse kugirana na televiziyo ya CNBC, yatangaje ko icyifuzo ari ugutangiza uruganda rutunganya Lithium vuba aha, nyamara ntiyigeze yerekana aho izacukurwa mu Rwanda ku buryo byumvikana ko nayo nta handi izava uretse mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Yagize ati: “Dufite uruganda rutunganya Zahabu, urutunganya Tin, Tantalum, ndetse mu bihe bya vuba tugiye kugira uruganda rutunganya Lithium. Icyo dushaka ni uburyo dushobora gukorana n’abandi mu karere ku buryo tubona amwe muri aya mabuye y’agaciro ku buryo inganda zacu zikoresha ubushobozi bwose zifite.” Uku gushinga inganda zitunganya zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro nyamara u Rwanda ruterekana aho azacukurwa ni igihamya gikomeye ko rwishinja kuyasahura mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, akaba ari yo mpamvu icyizere cy’umutekano muri kariya karere kikiri kure nk’ukwezi. Aka karere karafitwe cyane kuko Tantalum yazamuye igiciro cyane guhera mu myaka ya za 2000 kuko yari akenewe n’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka za telefoni na mudasobwa, none kuva mu 2020 igiciro cya Lithium cyatangiye gutumbagira kuko aya mabuye akenewe mu nganda zikora za batiri zitandukanye zirimo izifashishwa mu gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Ubu bujura rero agatsiko ka FPR kishinja nibwo bwatumye Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’ Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa, OIF, Louise Mushikiwabo yanga kwitabira imikino ya Francophonie izatangira kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki ya 28/07/2023. Iki kimezo gisa nticyatunguranye kuko Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma ya RDC, Patrick Muyaya, yari yavuze ko Mushikiwabo azitabira, ariko nawe arabizi ko agatsiko kamushyize kuri uyu mwanya gakomeje gukora amabara muri RDC kitwikiriye umutaka wa M23, ikomeje kumunga umutekano waho.
Umuvugizi wa Mushikiwabo, Oria Vande Weghe, yatangaje kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 25/07/2023, ko atazitabira iyi mikino izamara iminsi 10, kubera ko atigeze ashyikirizwa ubutumire, anatangaza ko byateje urujijo ndetse byatumye Umunyamabanga Mukuru asubika urugendo rwe, ahubwo yoherezayo ugomba kumuhagararira, kuko nawe azi neza ko kugaragara muri iki gihugu byatera imyigaragambyo imwamagana kuko igihugu cye gikomeje gusahura RDC, kikanashyigikira byimazeho umutwe wa M23, ibintu byari kuba bibi cyane.
Si Louise Mushikiwabo wenyine wananiwe kuzuza inshingano ze muri OIF bitewe n’umubano mubi hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, kuko na Vincent Karega wahoze ari ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri RDC yangiwe n’Ububiligi kuba ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri icyo gihugu, nkuko byatangajwe na Radio RFI. Ku itariki ya 24/03/2023, Perezida Kagame nibwo yari yagennye Karega, w’imyaka 60, nk’ambasaderi mu Bubiligi, mu itangazo ryasohowe na Minisitiri w’intebe Edouard Ngirente. Karega yari yitezweho gusimbura ambasaderi Dieudonné Sebashongore, wahagarariye u Rwanda mu Bubiligi kuva mu mwaka wa 2020. RFI yatangaje ko nta mpamvu minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Ububiligi yatanze ku kwanga Karega nk’ambasaderi, ariko ko mu buryo Leta iteruye ku mugaragaro bivugwa ko ari ku mpamvu bwite z’Ububiligi. Ni icyemezo bivugwa ko cyagizwemo uruhare na bamwe mu Banyarwanda baba mu mahanga ndetse n’abanye-Congo, bafatanyije n’imiryango Iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Aba ku wa 9 Mata 2023 bandikiye Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Bubiligi, bagaragaza impungenge z’uko Karega yaherukaga kugirwa Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri kiriya gihugu. Aba ngo impungenge zabo bazishingiraga ku kuba Karega yari yarirukanwe muri Afurika y’Epfo na RDC, kubera guhiga no kwica abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda.
Uyu Vincent Karega amaze guca agahigo mu kwangwa n’ibihugu yoherezwamo kuba ambasaderi kuko tariki ya 29/10/2022, inama nkuru y’umutekano ya RDC, yari iyobowe na Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, yari yamuhaye amasaha 48 ngo abe yamaze kuva ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu, ahava shishi itabona anyuze mu bwato. Mbere y’uko yoherezwa muri RDC Karega yari ambasaderi muri Afurika y’Epfo, ubwo Col. Patrick Karegeya wahoze akuriye ubutasi bwo hanze y’igihugu bw’u Rwanda yicwaga anizwe muri hoteli i Johannesburg, muri Mutarama 2014. Icyo gihe, mu masengesho yo gusabira igihugu, Perezida Kagame yagiye kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda, RTV, yigamba urupfu rwe, avuga ko abagambanira igihugu cyabo hari ingaruka zabyo.
Urupfu rwa Karegeya rwatumye Karega yirukanwa muri Afurika y’Epfo muri Werurwe 2014 hamwe na bamwe mu badiplomate b’u Rwanda bari muri icyo gihugu. Ibirego by’uko u Rwanda rufasha umutwe wa M23 bivugwa ko biri mu byatumye u Bubiligi, nyuma y’amezi 4, bumwanga bisabwe n’abanye-Congo basanzwe ari incuti zabwo magara. Ni RTFB (Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française) yatangaje ko Ambasaderi Karega yanzwe. Umuvuzigizi wa Leta, Yolande Makoro yahise yikoma Ububiligi nk’uko bisanzwe.
Ahirwe Karoli