Yanditswe na ManziUwayo Fabrice
Mu gihe Abanyekongo batagira ingano bakomeje kubuyera no kubunza akarago kubera intambara bagabweho n’u Rwanda rwitwikiriye umutaka w’umutwe wa M23, Leta ya Kigali ikomeje kwigamba ko yungukiye mu busahuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bukorerwa mu burasirazuba bwa rdc. U Rwanda ruremeza ko nta ngaruka iyi ntambara yagize ku ishoramari ryarwo, ariko ku rundi ruhande rukomeje gushakisha amasoko y’amabuye y’agaciro hirya no hino ku Isi, harimo n’akenewe cyane nka Beryllium, rwo rudacukura, aho noneho rwasinye amasezerano yo kuyohereza muri Kazakhstan, nyamara rutagaragaza ikirombe na kimwe acukurwamo. Ibi rero byafashwe nko kwigamba kuri RDC kuko itahwemye kwamagana ubujura ikorerwa, igatabaza amahanga, ariko u Rwanda rugakomeza kubihakana no kuvunira ibiti mu matwi, ariko ntirwite ku ngaruka iyi ntambara igira ku batuye muri kiriya gihugu, ndetse no ku karere kose muri rusange, none kubihisha byanze byananiranye.
Kwigamba ubusahuzi u Rwanda rukorera muri RDC byagaragaye mu kiganiro Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB), Jean Guy Afrika, yagiranye na Jeune Afrique. Muri iki kiganiro yavuze ko mu myaka irenga 30 uburasirazuba bwa RDC bwayogojwe n’ikibazo cy’umutekano muke, cyatumye Abanyekongo benshi bahungira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi, ariko ngo bikaba nta ngaruka byagize ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda, ahubwo ko rwakomeje kuzamuka mu bipimo bishingiye ku mibare.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko u Rwanda, mu 2024, rwazamutseho 32% mu bijyanye n’ishoramari ryanditse, rugera kuri miliyari 3.2 $, ruvuye kuri miliyari 2.5$. Yavuze ko kimwe mu byafashije u Rwanda kutagerwaho n’ingaruka z’iyi ntambara ari ingamba z’ubwirinzi zashyizweho. Nyamara nk’uko byakomeje kugaragazwa na raporo mpuzamahanga, iyo Leta ya Kigali ivuze ingamba z’ubwirinzi, iba ivuze kuyogoza uburasirazuba bwa RDC, aho ingabo zinjizwayo amanywa ava, zimwe zigahonyora uburenganzira bw’abaturage, izindi zigasahura imitungo kamere. Yakomeje yerekana ko 75.4% by’ishoramari rishya, ni ukuvuga ko arenga miliyari 2.47$ (arenga miliyari 3,493 FRW) yashowe mu mishinga izakorera mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Intara y’Iburengerazuba ihana imbibi na RDC yashowemo miliyoni 496.2$, naho mu Burasirazuba iwabo w’abategetsi hashorwa miliyoni 155.8$. Izindi Ntara zagabanye asigaye, aho iy’Amajyaruguru yatwaye miliyoni 109.8$ naho iy’Amajyepfo ihabwa miliyoni 37.8$. Nk’uko bisanzwe rero aya akaba ari amafaranga ashorwa mu mishinga ya baringa, agahita asubira ku makonti ya FPR binyuze muri Crystal Ventures n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho.
Uretse uko kwigamba no gukina ku mubyimba RDC ikorerwa ubusahuzi, noneho yakozwe mu jisho yumvise ko u Rwanda rwasinye amasezerano yo kohereza amabuye y’agaciro ya Beryllium muri Kazakhstan. Ni amasezerano yasinywe hagati y’Ikigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaz (RMB) n’Ikigo cy’Ubwiteganyirize cya Kazakhstan kizwi nka Samruk Kazyna, nk’uko byatangajwe, kuri uyu wa 28 Gicurasi 2025, nyuma y’uruzinduko Perezida Kagame yagiriye muri Kazakhstan.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Samruk Kazyna, Nurlan Zhakupov, yavuze ko impamvu y’aya masezerano ari uguteza imbere ubufatanye mu mishinga y’amabuye y’agaciro, harimo no kohereza Beryllium, iri mu y’ingenzi cyane akoreshwa mu itumanaho, igisirikare, ibijyanye n’isanzure no mu nganda zikora bimwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye. Ni mu gihe nyamara RMB yari iherutse gutangaza ko ubu bwoko bw’amabuye bwabonetse mu Turere twa Muhanga, Ngororero, Rutsiro, Nyanza, Rubavu, na Nyanza, ariko ikavuga ko nta mucukuzi urabona uruhushya rwo kuyacukura. Bivuze rero ko, nta gushidikanya, ayashakiwe isoko muri Kazakhstan ari asahurwa muri RDC, nk’uko idahwema guteza ubwega yamagana ubu bujura ikorerwa umunsi ku munsi.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko amabuye azajya atumizwa mu Rwanda bigizwemo uruhare n’ikigo cya Kazakhstan gitunganya ingufu za nucléaire, n’ibindi byuma biboneka hake kizwi nka Ulba Metallurgical Plant, iri rikaba ari ishami ry’ikigo cya Kazatomprom kizwiho gutunganya ingufu za nucléaire. Ni ikigo kizwi cyane kuko, mu 2023, cyatunganyije Uranium ingana na 20% by’iyatunganyijwe ku Isi yose, none hagiye kwiyongeraho na Beryllium.
Uyu munsi Ulba Metallurgical Plan ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya byibuze toni 1500 za Beryllium, ariko ikibazo kikaba cyari ukubona iyo gutunganya, none u Rwanda rugiye kujya rwoherezayo iyasahuwe muri RDC, na cyane ko ikenewe cyane kubera ibiyiranga birimo kuba yoroshye kandi idapfa guhangarwa n’ubushyuhe, kuko ishonga bigoranye cyane, bisaba kugeza ku kigero cy’ubushyuhe cya 1287°C bigatuma ikoreshwa mu gukora ibyogajuru, indege, intwaro, mudasobwa, telefoni n’ibindi bikoresho bisaba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi; ibi rero bituma Beryllium iri mu mabuye y’imena ateza intambara muri RDC kuko akenewe cyane.
Uretse amabuye y’agaciro nka Beryllium asahurwa muri RDC, Perezida Kagame w’u Rwanda na Perezida Kassym-Jomart Tokayev wa Kazakhstan basinyanye andi masezerano ari mu nzego zirimo ibya dipolomasi, ikoranabuhanga, uburezi, ubuhinzi, n’ibijyanye n’imari. Mu gihe umutwe wa M23 ufashwa n’u Rwanda ukomeje kwigarurira ibice byinshi muri RDC, ubucuruzi hagati hagati y’u Rwanda na Kazakhstan bwarazamutse cyane kuko bwari bufite agaciro ka 381,700$ mu 2024, mu gihe bwari bufite agaciro ka miliyoni 6,7$ mu 2023. Hagati ya Mutarama na Werurwe uyu mwaka, agaciro k’ubu bucuruzi kageze ku 104,700$, inyongera ya 14.4% ugereranyije n’igihembwe cya mbere cya 2024. Bikavugwa rero uretse ibinyampeke bikurwa muri iki gihugu nta kindi u Rwanda rwoherezayo uretse amabuye y’agaciro yiganjemo asahurwa muri RDC, ari nayo yatumye hasinywa amasezerano yo koherezayo Beryllium.
Ikibabaje ni uko hasinywa amasezerano arimo ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu gihe bamwe mu bayobozi bo muri RMB, bafunzwe bashinjwa ibyaha bya ruswa, ariko ababikurikiranira hafi bakavuga ko aba bayobozi banze gutanga ibyangombwa byo gutunda amabuye, bizwi nka “tags”, ahubwo bakigwizaho indonke mu kugurisha izi tags ababa bafite amabuye yasahuwe muri RDC, bashaka ko ajyanwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga bigaragara ko yacukuwe mu Rwanda, ibikunzwe gukorwa ku mabuye akenewe cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Abayobozi batatu ba RMB bafunzwe ni Rwomushana Augustin, Kanyangira John na Niyongabo Richard, nk’uko byatangajwe na RIB ku wa 26 Mata 2025, bakaba bafungiye kuri sitasiyo za Polisi za Nyarugenge na Rwezamenyo. Aba uko ari batatu kandi bafunganywe na ba Rwiyemezamirimo mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bane bakekwaho kuba abafatanyacyaha mu byaha bakurikiranyweho birimo ruswa, gukoresha ububasha bahabwa n’itegeko mu nyungu zabo bwite, kwigwizaho umutungo n’iyezandonke.
Uku kujya gushakira isoko amabuye y’agaciro nka Beryllium ataratangira gucukurwa mu Rwanda kwafashwe n’abatari bake nko kunanirwa guhisha ubujura u Rwanda rukora mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ndetse abarebera kure ibibera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bakemeza ko noneho bigiye kuba bibi cyane, kuko u Rwanda rutazaha agahenge kiriya gihugu, kuko iboneka ry’amahoro ryatuma inyungu rwabonaga ziburizwamo, ibintu Perezida Kagame n’abambari be badakozwa, kuko nta kindi FPR yimirije imbere uretse kumena amaraso n’ubusahuzi.
FPR, WAYOGOJE AMAHANGA, UYATERANYA NA RUBANDA, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA.
ManziUwayo Fabrice