Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 15 Gicurasi 2025, hakomeje ikinamico y’urubanza rwa Béatrice Munyenyezi wajuririye igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ku byaha yahamijwe bya jenoside no gusambanya abagore mu gihe cya jenoside mu 1994. Ni urubanza twakomeje kubakurikiranira kuko mbere rwagaragaraga nk’urucabana ariko rwaje kuzamo ikinamico, ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bwerekana ko koko ari “ubutareba”, maze aho gushingira ku bimenyetso by’abatangabuhamya, ubushinjacyaha bukomeza kugenda buhimbahimba inyandiko zimushinja, ariko zigahita ziterwa utwatsi n’abamwunganiraga, kuko byabaga bigaragarira buri wese ko nta kuri kurimo, none urubanza rugeze mu bujurire abashinjacyaha bakizana inyandiko mpimbano zitandukanye, ariko bakananirwa gusobanura ku buryo bibeshye k’uregwa, aho batangiye bavuga ko yigaga muri Kaminuza, kandi mu by’ukuri atari yararangije n’amashuri yisumbuye.
Kuri iyi nshuro, abunganira Munyenyezi babwiye urukiko ko ubuhamya bwashyikirijwe n’ubushinjacyaha ku byaha Munyenyezi ashinjwa bwuzuye ibinyoma kandi ko ari ubuhamya bwivuguruza ndetse budafite ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaraza ko Munyenyezi koko yakoze ibyaha. Muri uru rubanza rw’ubujurire, abunganira Munyenyezi banenga bikomeye abatanze ubuhamya, umwe ku wundi, bakagaragaza ko abo batangabuhamya batari bazi neza Béatrice Munyenyezi. Umwe mu bamwunganira, Me Bruce Bikotwa yavuze ko umutangabuhamya yashinje Munyenyezi ko yigaga muri kaminuza nyamara nyuma umushinjacyaha na we akaza kwivugira ko umutangabuhamya yamwitiranyije n’undi mukobwa babanaga wigaga muri kaminuza, gusa umushinjacyaha avuga ko uregwa yitwaraga nk’uwiga muri kaminuza.
Ibi ubwabyo byagombaga gutuma ahita arekurwa kuko bigaragaza ko ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego gishingiye ku buhamya bw’ibinyoma, ariko bwihagararaho mu mafuti, bukomeza kuremangatanya ibimenyetso bihimbano, kugeza aho uwari umwere akatiwe gufungwa burundu ku maherere. Mu kwezi kwa kane umwaka ushize, Munyenyezi yahamijwe ibyaha bya jenoside no gusambanya abakobwa n’abagore, nyamara ubushinjacyaha bwabuze izina na rimwe ry’umukobwa cyangwa umugore wasambanyijwe bigizwemo uruhare n’uregwa.
Kuri iyi nshuro abari mu rukiko bakubise inkwenene bongeye kumva ukwivuguruza k’ubushinjacyaha, aho mu rubanza ruheruka bwavugaga ko bwakoze iperereza bugamije kumenya niba koko Béatrice Munyenyezi yarize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya CEFOTEC riri ahahoze ari mu mujyi wa Butare, rikerekana ko Munyenyezi atari ku rutonde rw’abize muri iryo shuri. Ubu noneho bwarabihinduye buzana ibimenyetso bishya birimo fotokopi y’indangamanota buvuga ko ari iya Munyenyezi, ndetse n’urutonde rw’abize muri iryo shuri. Abamwunganira bahise babinenga bivuye inyuma, Me Bikotwa avuga ko ibyo bimenyetso atari umwimerere kuko “nta kashe y’ikigo n’umukono” w’uwari umuyobozi wa CEFOTEC mu 1994 bigaragara kuri urwo rutonde rw’abahigaga, nyamara ubushize ubushinjacyaha bwaravuze ko atahigaga.
Me Bikotwa yabwiye urukiko ko bo bafite umutangabuhamya w’umwarimu uvuga ko yigishije Munyenyezi isomo ryo gushushanya. Yanenze kandi umutangabuhamya w’ubushinjacyaha wavuze ko yiganye n’umugabo wa Munyenyezi, ari we Shalom Ntahobari, avuga ko bize mu kigo cy’abafurere, yibaza uburyo umuntu wize atazi ko ishuri yizemo ryitwa Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare, avuga ko uyu mutangabuhamya ibyo yavuze ari ibyo yabwiwe, mu by’ukuri atazi Munyenyezi n’umuryango. Ibi rero bikomeje kugaragaza ko iyi kinamico idateze kurangira vuba kuko buri gihe ubushinjacyaha bwivuguruza, bukazana ibimenyetso byahimbahimbwe, ariko wabishakira ireme ukaribura.
Ikindi abunganizi ba Munyenyezi bagaragaje nk’inenge ni uko ubushinjacyaha bwazanye umutangabuhamya wavuze ko yitwaga “Kadogo” mbere ya jenoside, kandi mu by’ukuri iri jambo ryatangiye kuvugwa nyuma ya 1994, nk’uko Me Félicien Gashema yabigaragaje, yereka urukiko ko ibimenyetso byose bikomeje kuzanwa n’ubushinjacyaha kandi bivuguruza ibyo bwatanze mbere bigaragaza ko iyi ari ikinamico urukiko rubishatse rwarangiza rukarekura umwere.
Muri ubu bujurire harimo abatangabuhamya 12 bashinjura Béatrice Munyenyezi na 22 bamushinja, akaba ari bo bemejwe kuzatanga ubuhamya kuko hari n’abandi benshi bashakaga gushinjura Munyenyezi ariko bashyirwaho amananiza abandi bangwa n’ubushinjacyaha ku mpamvu butagiye busobanura. Urubanza ruzakomeza mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, aho abunganira Munyenyezi bazaba bakomeza kwerekana inenge ziri mu buhamya bw’abamushinja, bigaragara ko baba babwiwe ibyo bavuga, ariko bagera mu rukiko bakabivuga nabi, ubundi bakavuguruzanya kakahava.
Béatrice Munyenyezi yoherejwe n’Amerika muri Mata 2021, akomeza kujuragizwa mu nkiko azereka ko adakwiye kuzira ibyo aho yashatse bakoze, niba koko icyaha ari gatozi, ariko bwa butabera bwabaye “ubutareba” bwakomeje guhimbahimba ibimenyetso bipfuye kandi bivuguruzanya kugeza umwere akatiwe gufungwa burundu, nyamara baba abamuburanisha ndetse n’abamushinja bose barabizi ko ari umwere, ariko ntibahirahira ngo bamurekure kuko Leta y’u Rwanda yaba yongeye guseba nyuma y’abatangabuhamya benshi yagiye itegera indege ngo bajye kumushinja muri Amerika ariko bikarangira ibyaha bya Jenoside baregeraga Munyenyezi urukiko rubitesheje agaciro, ahubwo rumuhamya icyaha kimwe cyo kubeshya urwego rw’abinjira n’abasohoka, bituma akatirwa gufungwa imyaka 10.
Urukiko rwo muri Amerika rwari rwatesheje agaciro ibirego ku byaha bya jenoside byaregwaga Munyenyezi, hakavugwa ko yabikoze mu mezi ya Mata-Nyakanga 1994, nyamara urukiko rwari rufite amakuru ko Munyenyezi yahunze u Rwanda mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994, agahungira muri Kenya aho yageze agahita abyara abana b’impanga. Abagize urukiko rero ntibwumvaga ukuntu umugore utwite inda nkuru gutyo yabasha guhagarara kuri bariyeri akica abantu akanafata n’abagore ku ngufu, nyamara u Rwanda rwakomezaga kohereza indege zuzuye abavuga ko biboneye Munyenyezi kuri bariyeri, ariko bahagera bakamuyoberwa, abandi bakavuga ko bamukubise amaso bagafatwa n’ikiniga kandi atigeze agezwa mu rukiko. Ibyo byose Amerika yarabibonye imuhanaguraho ibyaha bya jenoside, ariko imuhamya icyo kubeshya aranagihanirwa, ariko arangije igihano hakorwa ikosa ryo kumwohereza mu gihugu bazi neza ko kizirana n’ubutabera.
U Rwanda rukomeje kwiyambika ubusa mu manza z’ikinamico, mu gihe mu bindi bihugu ho hakomeje ubushishozi no kubona ibirego bitangwa n’u Rwanda biba bishingiye ku marangamutima gusa, bidafite ibimenyetso bihagije kandi byuzuzanya byatuma abashinjwa bahamwa n’ibyaha, kugira ngo ubutabera buboneye butangwe, nyamara rwo ntako ruba rutagize ngo ruremangatanye ibimenyetso bihimbano, ariko byose bigafata ubusa. Ni nako byagenze ubwo, kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 14 Gicurasi 2025, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rw’i Paris mu Bufaransa rwatangaje umwanzuro ko nta perereza rishya rizakorwa ku biregwa Agathe Kanziga Habyarimana, wahoze ari umugore wa Juvénal Habyarimana wayoboye u Rwanda kuva ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ibyaha aregwa bikaba ari iby’ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu mu Rwanda.
Ni ibyaha yatangiye gukurikiranwaho n’ubucamanza bw’Ubufaransa kuva mu 2008 nyuma y’ikirego cyatanzwe na Collectif des parties civiles pour le Rwanda (CPCR), gusa kuva icyo gihe ntabwo arashyirwa mu rukiko ngo aburanishwe. Ku wa kabiri, tariki ya 13 Gicurasi 2025, nibwo byamenyekanye ko abacamanza bavuze ko uyu mupfakazi atagaragara nk’uwakoze jenoside, ahubwo asa neza nk’uwahohotewe kubera iki gikorwa cy’iterabwoba cyakozwe ubwo hicwaga umugabo we, ariko gutangaza umwanzuro byategereje ku wa Gatatu, tariki ya 14 Gicurasi 2025.
Ibi rero kimwe n’ahandi bikorwa bikwiye kuba icyitegererezo ku birego bitangwa hashingiwe ku marangamutima. Dushyigikiye byimazeyo ko abanyamabyaha bagezwa mu nkiko bakabiryozwa, ariko na none nta wukwiye gushima ko hari abakomeza kuregwa ibyaha bihimbano bishingiye ku bugome n’urwango gusa, nyamara hari abanyabyaha batandukanye bakomeje kwidegembya mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Igihe cyose uwakorewe icyaha aba atarabona ubutabera ntashobora gutuza ngo atekane, ahubwo ahora ahangayitse, na cyane ko haba hakiri benshi mu bakorewe ibyaha batemerewe kuvuga akababaro kabo kuko baba bashobora kuvuga ibyo Leta ya FPR idashaka kumva.
Nema Ange